:root {
    --research-accent: var(--color-action);
    --research-paper: var(--color-paper);
    --research-surface: var(--color-surface);
    --research-line: var(--color-rule);
    --research-caption: var(--color-text-muted);
    --research-utility: var(--font-sans);
    --research-shell: var(--shell-editorial);
}

.research-page {
    background: var(--research-paper);
}

.research-container {
    margin-inline: auto;
    width: min(var(--research-shell), calc(100% - var(--gutter-total)));
}

.research-hero.editorial-intro {
    background: var(--research-surface);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--research-line);
}

.research-hero-layout.editorial-intro-inner {
    padding-block: var(--editorial-intro-space);
}

.research-hero-copy {
    max-width: 740px;
}

.research-hero h1 {
    font-size: var(--page-title-size);
    line-height: 1.08;
}

.research-lede {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: var(--text-base);
    line-height: var(--leading-copy);
    margin-top: var(--space-5);
    max-width: 65ch;
}

.topic-nav.editorial-intro-index {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 10px 30px;
    margin-top: var(--space-6);
    padding-top: var(--space-4);
}

.topic-nav a {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 0.91rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    text-decoration-color: transparent;
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
    transition: color 0.18s ease, text-decoration-color 0.18s ease;
}

.topic-nav a:hover {
    color: var(--research-accent);
    text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

.topic-nav strong {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-family: var(--research-utility);
    font-size: 0.67rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-left: 7px;
}

.research-section {
    padding-block: 56px 60px;
    scroll-margin-top: 64px;
}

.research-section + .research-section {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
}

.research-section-ml {
    background: rgba(237, 244, 240, 0.58);
}

.research-section-heading.editorial-section-heading {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
    margin-bottom: 22px;
}

.research-section-heading h2 {
    font-size: var(--section-title-size);
    letter-spacing: 0;
    line-height: 1.16;
}

.research-section-heading > p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 64ch;
}

.featured-paper {
    display: grid;
    gap: 42px;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 300px;
    padding-block: 24px 34px;
}

.paper-meta.editorial-metadata {
    align-items: center;
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 5px 0;
}

.paper-meta span {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-family: var(--research-utility);
    font-size: var(--editorial-meta-size);
    font-variant-numeric: tabular-nums;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: 0;
}

.paper-meta span + span::before {
    color: var(--line-strong);
    content: "·";
    margin: 0 8px;
}

.featured-paper h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    line-height: 1.25;
    margin-top: 12px;
    max-width: 34ch;
}

.paper-authors {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin-top: 12px;
    max-width: 70ch;
}

.annotation {
    display: grid;
    gap: 24px;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    margin-top: 22px;
}

.annotation p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.annotation strong {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
}

.paper-link {
    align-items: center;
    color: var(--research-accent);
    display: inline-flex;
    font-size: 0.84rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-top: 7px;
    min-height: 44px;
    text-decoration-color: color-mix(in srgb, var(--research-accent) 35%, transparent);
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.paper-link:hover {
    color: var(--ink);
    text-decoration-color: currentColor;
}

.featured-figures {
    display: grid;
    gap: 14px;
}

.featured-figures .editorial-evidence-figure,
.paper-visual.editorial-evidence-figure {
    background: var(--research-surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    border-radius: var(--radius-panel);
    min-width: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.featured-figures img {
    background: var(--color-white);
    height: 172px;
    object-fit: contain;
    width: 100%;
}

.featured-figures figcaption,
.paper-visual figcaption {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-size: var(--editorial-caption-size);
    line-height: 1.45;
    padding: var(--space-2) var(--space-3) calc(var(--space-2) + var(--space-1));
}

.paper-visual .figure-credit {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    padding: calc(var(--space-1) + var(--space-2)) var(--space-3) calc(var(--space-2) + var(--space-1));
}

.featured-figures figcaption span {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-right: 4px;
}

.figure-credit {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-size: 0.66rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.figure-credit a {
    align-items: center;
    display: inline-flex;
    margin-block: -10px;
    min-height: 44px;
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

.featured-figures > .figure-credit {
    margin-top: -3px;
}

.research-next.editorial-next-step {
    align-items: center;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    display: flex;
    gap: var(--space-5);
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-top: var(--space-7);
    padding-top: var(--space-4);
}

.research-next span {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
}

.research-next a {
    color: var(--teal-dark);
    flex: 0 0 auto;
    font-size: var(--text-sm);
    font-weight: 600;
    min-height: 44px;
    padding-block: 11px;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(40, 91, 89, 0.3);
    text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.paper-grid {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--research-line);
}

.publication-group-heading {
    align-items: baseline;
    display: grid;
    gap: 30px;
    grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 1fr);
    margin-top: 34px;
    padding: 17px 0 9px;
}

.publication-group-heading span {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.publication-group-heading p {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-size: 0.79rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.text-paper-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card {
    display: block;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card:nth-child(odd) {
    padding-right: 28px;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card:nth-child(even) {
    border-left: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    padding-left: 28px;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card:last-child:nth-child(odd) {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    padding-right: 0;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card:last-child:nth-child(odd) .paper-card-body {
    max-width: 510px;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card-body {
    padding-block: 24px 28px;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.06rem;
    line-height: 1.34;
}

.text-paper-grid .paper-card-body > p:not(.figure-credit) {
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

.paper-card.editorial-record {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 260px;
    min-width: 0;
}

.paper-card-body {
    order: 1;
    padding: 28px 0 31px;
}

.paper-card h3 {
    font-size: 1.22rem;
    letter-spacing: 0;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-top: 10px;
    max-width: 46ch;
}

.paper-card-body > p:not(.figure-credit) {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.68;
    margin-top: 13px;
    max-width: 68ch;
}

.paper-card .paper-link {
    margin-top: 5px;
}

.paper-visual {
    align-self: start;
    margin: 28px 0 30px 34px;
    order: 2;
}

.paper-visual > img {
    background: var(--color-white);
    height: 180px;
    object-fit: contain;
    width: 100%;
}

.paper-visual-image > img {
    padding: 8px;
}

.paper-visual-map > img {
    padding: 12px;
}

.visual-note {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    display: grid;
    gap: 30px;
    grid-template-columns: 150px minmax(0, 620px);
    margin-top: 38px;
    padding-top: 18px;
}

.visual-note span {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.visual-note p {
    color: var(--research-caption);
    font-size: 0.79rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.research-footer {
    background: var(--paper-deep);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--research-line);
    color: var(--research-caption);
}

.research-footer a {
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    text-underline-offset: 3px;
}

@media (max-width: 800px) {
    .featured-paper {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .featured-figures {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
    }

    .featured-figures > .figure-credit {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
    }

    .paper-card {
        grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) 220px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .research-container {
        width: calc(100% - 32px);
    }

    .research-hero-layout {
        padding-block: 46px 34px;
    }

    .research-lede {
        font-size: 0.98rem;
    }

    .topic-nav {
        display: block;
        padding-top: 8px;
    }

    .topic-nav a {
        align-items: baseline;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--research-line);
        display: flex;
        justify-content: space-between;
        padding-block: 10px;
    }

    .research-section {
        padding-block: 48px 52px;
    }

    .research-section-heading {
        margin-bottom: 25px;
    }

    .featured-paper {
        gap: 26px;
        padding-block: 27px 31px;
    }

    .annotation {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 14px;
    }

    .featured-figures {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .featured-figures > .figure-credit {
        grid-column: auto;
    }

    .featured-figures img {
        height: auto;
        max-height: 260px;
    }

    .paper-card {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
    }

    .publication-group-heading {
        gap: 5px;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        margin-top: 27px;
    }

    .text-paper-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .text-paper-grid .paper-card:nth-child(odd),
    .text-paper-grid .paper-card:nth-child(even) {
        border-left: 0;
        padding-inline: 0;
    }

    .paper-card-body {
        padding-block: 25px 18px;
    }

    .paper-visual {
        margin: 0 0 27px;
        max-width: 320px;
    }

    .visual-note {
        gap: 6px;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .research-next {
        align-items: flex-start;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 8px;
        margin-top: 34px;
    }

}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .research-section {
        scroll-margin-top: 94px;
    }
}